创作者：wangzaiplus
.>3ed
阅读推荐（点一下可自动跳转）
1. SpringBoot 融合篇
2. 笔写一套迷你版HTTP网络服务器
3. 记牢：始终不要在MySQL中应用UTF-8
4. Springboot起动基本原理分析
幂等性, 通俗化的说便是一个接口, 数次进行同一个请求, 务必确保实际操作只有实行一次
例如:
文中选用第二种方法完成, 即根据redis token体制完成接口幂等性校验
为必须确保幂等性的每一次请求建立一个唯一标志token, 先获得token, 并将此token存进redis, 请求接口时, 将此token放进header或是做为请求主要参数请求接口, 后端开发接口分辨redis中是不是存有此token:
表明:
文中关键详细介绍幂等性关键完成, 有关springboot怎样集成化redis、ServerResponse、ResponseCode等细微末节没有文中探讨范畴以内, 有兴趣爱好的小伙伴们能够查询我的Github新项目:
https://springboot/tree/wxw
pom
<!-- Redis-Jedis --> <dependency> <groupId>redis.clients</groupId> <artifactId>jedis</artifactId> <version>2.9.0</version> </dependency> <!--lombok 文中采用@Slf4j注释, 也并不引入, 自定log就可以--> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.16.10</version> </dependency>
JedisUtil
package com.wangzaiplus.test.util;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;@Component@Slf4jpublic class JedisUtil { @Autowired private JedisPool jedisPool; private Jedis getJedis() { return jedisPool.getResource(); } /** * 设值 * * @param key * @param value * @return */ public String set(String key, String value) { Jedis jedis = null; try { jedis = getJedis(); return jedis.set(key, value); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("set key:{} value:{} error", key, value, e); return null; } finally { close(jedis); } } /** * 设值 * * @param key * @param value * @param expireTime 到期時间, 企业: s * @return */ public String set(String key, String value, int expireTime) { Jedis jedis = null; try { jedis = getJedis(); return jedis.setex(key, expireTime, value); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("set key:{} value:{} expireTime:{} error", key, value, expireTime, e); return null; } finally { close(jedis); } } /** * 赋值 * * @param key * @return */ public String get(String key) { Jedis jedis = null; try { jedis = getJedis(); return jedis.get(key); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("get key:{} error", key, e); return null; } finally { close(jedis); } } /** * 删掉key * * @param key * @return */ public Long del(String key) { Jedis jedis = null; try { jedis = getJedis(); return jedis.del(key.getBytes()); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("del key:{} error", key, e); return null; } finally { close(jedis); } } /** * 分辨key是不是存有 * * @param key * @return */ public Boolean exists(String key) { Jedis jedis = null; try { jedis = getJedis(); return jedis.exists(key.getBytes()); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("exists key:{} error", key, e); return null; } finally { close(jedis); } } /** * 设值key过期时间 * * @param key * @param expireTime 过期时间, 单位: s * @return */ public Long expire(String key, int expireTime) { Jedis jedis = null; try { jedis = getJedis(); return jedis.expire(key.getBytes(), expireTime); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("expire key:{} error", key, e); return null; } finally { close(jedis); } } /** * 获取剩余时间 * * @param key * @return */ public Long ttl(String key) { Jedis jedis = null; try { jedis = getJedis(); return jedis.ttl(key); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("ttl key:{} error", key, e); return null; } finally { close(jedis); } } private void close(Jedis jedis) { if (null != jedis) { jedis.close(); } }}
自定义注解@ApiIdempotent
package com.wangzaiplus.test.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;import java.lang.annotation.Retention;import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;import java.lang.annotation.Target;/** * 在需要保证 接口幂等性 的Controller的方法上使用此注解 */@Target({ElementType.METHOD})@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface ApiIdempotent {}
ApiIdempotentInterceptor拦截器
package com.wangzaiplus.test.interceptor;import com.wangzaiplus.test.annotation.ApiIdempotent;import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TokenService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.lang.reflect.Method;/** * 接口幂等性拦截器 */public class ApiIdempotentInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Autowired private TokenService tokenService; @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) { if (!(handler instanceof HandlerMethod)) { return true; } HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler; Method method = handlerMethod.getMethod(); ApiIdempotent methodAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(ApiIdempotent.class); if (methodAnnotation != null) { check(request);// 幂等性校验, 校验通过则放行, 校验失败则抛出异常, 并通过统一异常处理返回友好提示 } return true; } private void check(HttpServletRequest request) { tokenService.checkToken(request); } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception { }}
TokenServiceImpl
package com.wangzaiplus.test.service.impl;import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.Constant;import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ResponseCode;import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ServerResponse;import com.wangzaiplus.test.exception.ServiceException;import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TokenService;import com.wangzaiplus.test.util.JedisUtil;import com.wangzaiplus.test.util.RandomUtil;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;@Servicepublic class TokenServiceImpl implements TokenService { private static final String TOKEN_NAME = "token"; @Autowired private JedisUtil jedisUtil; @Override public ServerResponse createToken() { String str = RandomUtil.UUID32(); StrBuilder token = new StrBuilder(); token.append(Constant.Redis.TOKEN_PREFIX).append(str); jedisUtil.set(token.toString(), token.toString(), Constant.Redis.EXPIRE_TIME_MINUTE); return ServerResponse.success(token.toString()); } @Override public void checkToken(HttpServletRequest request) { String token = request.getHeader(TOKEN_NAME); if (StringUtils.isBlank(token)) {// header中不存在token token = request.getParameter(TOKEN_NAME); if (StringUtils.isBlank(token)) {// parameter中也不存在token throw new ServiceException(ResponseCode.ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT.getMsg()); } } if (!jedisUtil.exists(token)) { throw new ServiceException(ResponseCode.REPETITIVE_OPERATION.getMsg()); } Long del = jedisUtil.del(token); if (del <= 0) { throw new ServiceException(ResponseCode.REPETITIVE_OPERATION.getMsg()); } }}
TestApplication
package com.wangzaiplus.test;import com.wangzaiplus.test.interceptor.ApiIdempotentInterceptor;import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration;import org.springframework.web.cors.UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource;import org.springframework.web.filter.CorsFilter;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;@SpringBootApplication@MapperScan("com.wangzaiplus.test.mapper")public class TestApplication extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args); } /** * 跨域 * @return */ @Bean public CorsFilter corsFilter() { final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource(); final CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration = new CorsConfiguration(); corsConfiguration.setAllowCredentials(true); corsConfiguration.addAllowedOrigin("*"); corsConfiguration.addAllowedHeader("*"); corsConfiguration.addAllowedMethod("*"); urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", corsConfiguration); return new CorsFilter(urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource); } @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { // 接口幂等性拦截器 registry.addInterceptor(apiIdempotentInterceptor()); super.addInterceptors(registry); } @Bean public ApiIdempotentInterceptor apiIdempotentInterceptor() { return new ApiIdempotentInterceptor(); }}
OK, 目前为止, 校验代码准备就绪, 接下来测试验证
1、获取token的控制器TokenController
package com.wangzaiplus.test.controller;import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ServerResponse;import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TokenService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController@RequestMapping("/token")public class TokenController { @Autowired private TokenService tokenService; @GetMapping public ServerResponse token() { return tokenService.createToken(); }}
2、TestController, 注意@ApiIdempotent注解, 在需要幂等性校验的方法上声明此注解即可, 不需要校验的无影响
package com.wangzaiplus.test.controller;import com.wangzaiplus.test.annotation.ApiIdempotent;import com.wangzaiplus.test.common.ServerResponse;import com.wangzaiplus.test.service.TestService;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController@RequestMapping("/test")@Slf4jpublic class TestController { @Autowired private TestService testService; @ApiIdempotent @PostMapping("testIdempotence") public ServerResponse testIdempotence() { return testService.testIdempotence(); }}
3、获取token
查看redis
4、测试接口安全性: 利用jmeter测试工具模拟50个并发请求, 将上一步获取到的token作为参数
5、header或参数均不传token, 或者token值为空, 或者token值乱填, 均无法通过校验, 如token值为"abcd"
上图中, 不能单纯的直接删除token而不校验是否删除成功, 会出现并发安全性问题, 因为, 有可能多个线程同时走到第46行, 此时token还未被删除, 所以继续往下执行, 如果不校验jedisUtil.del(token)的删除结果而直接放行, 那么还是会出现重复提交问题, 即使实际上只有一次真正的删除操作, 下面重现一下
稍微修改一下代码:
再次请求
再看看控制台
springboot虽然只有一个真正删除掉token, 但由于没有对删除结果进行校验, 所以还是有并发问题, 因此, 必须校验
其实思路很简单, 就是每次请求保证唯一性, 从而保证幂等性, 通过拦截器+注解, 就不用每次请求都写重复代码, 其实也可以利用spring aop实现， 无所谓。
Github
wangzaiplus/springboot
